Museum of Egyptian Civilization
The Museum of Egyptian Civilization, also known as the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (National Museum of Egyptian Civilization; NMEC was officially opened in February 2017. Due to the increasing number of archaeological discoveries, the Egyptian Museum could no longer adequately display all the artifacts, so it was decided to build new buildings, including the Grand Egyptian Museum and the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization.

On April 3, 2021, the museum held the Pharaohs Gold Parade (also known as the Pharaohs Golden Parade; Pharaohs' Golden Parade, transporting 22 ancient Egyptian mummies from the Egyptian Museum to the NMEC for preservation. Most of these 22 mummies were discovered in the 19th century in Mummy DB320 in Deir El Bahari and in the tomb of Amenhotep II (Tomb 35 in the Valley of the Kings; KV35) and was exhaled by Gaston Maspero and examined by the English anatomist Grafton Elliot Smith. When the procession takes place, the mummies and coffins are stored in nitrogen coffins and transported by trucks decorated as ancient Egyptian funeral ships.

The trucks carrying the mummies were driven in a single line according to the chronological order of the pharaohs, and the first truck carried the mummy of Signenra Tao
The mummies of Thutmose I, II, and III, Hatshepster, Amenhotep III, and Tye had undergone tomography and genetic testing during the 2007 to 2009 Mummification Project; And through their mummies, we also know their identities and the diseases they suffered during their lifetime.

Seqenenre Tao/Taa; Formerly known as Tao II)

Sagnenra Tao was the eighth pharaoh of the 17th Dynasty, who ruled roughly from 1560 or 1558 to 1555 BC; He was the father of Yahmose I, the first pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.

Since the birth name of his father, the seventh Pharaoh Senakhtri of the 17th Dynasty, was long believed to be "Tao" as well, according to papyrus records (which mention two pharaohs named "Tao"), Sagnenra was formerly known as Tao II. It was not until March 2012 that Senachtri was identified as having the same name as his grandson, Jahmose I of the 18th Dynasty.

The mummy of Segnenla is mentioned in papyrus in the 16th year of Ramses IX's reign, when its tomb may have been discovered and baptized by grave robbers. His mummy was later transferred with most of the mummies to DB320 after the 11th year of the reign of the 22nd Dynasty Sheshunk I, after being discovered in 1881 and untangled by Maspero. Tests put the age of death at 40. The head had multiple wounds, including a blow from an axe that severed part of the left cheek, exposing teeth, a broken jaw, and a small section above the eye; However, he did not have any wounds on his arms and was in a very unusual posture, so it is highly likely that he was executed by the Sixos.

The Signenla mummies were among the worst preserved, and it is likely that the hasty embalming process began after death when the bodies began to decompose. X-ray scans from the 1960s showed that the mummy had not been properly embalmed, the brain had not been removed and the eyes had not been wired. When the mummy was first opened in the exhibition, the whole space was filled with the smell of smelly oil.

Ahmose-Nefertari
(Note: The mummy is not fully identified as belonging to Jahmose Nefertieri.)

Portraits of Jahmose Nefertieri, most of whom show black skin

Jahmos-nefertiri was the daughter of the 17th dynasty Pharaoh Segnenra Tao and the sister and wife of Jahmose I, the first pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. She served as regent when her youngest son Amenhotep I ascended the throne as a child, and it is believed that she was the first person to begin the construction of a tomb in the Valley of the Kings. Jahmose Nefertiri probably died in the fifth or sixth year of Thutmose I's reign and is suspected to have been buried with his son at Dra' Abu el-Naga' on the west bank of the Nile, which may have been the original burial place of the 17th Dynasty pharaohs. The mummy was probably transferred to DB320 in the late New Kingdom Period.

The mummy of "Yahmose Nefertiri" (from the 1912 Royal Mummy Catalog at the University of Chicago Library website)
The mummy suspected to be Neferteri was untangled in 1885 after the discovery of DB320, and the mummy's arms were not placed on the chest according to royal specifications, and there are no markings, so it is not yet fully established whether the mummy is Neferteri. According to Maspero, the female mummy began to rot with little exposure to air and began to ooze extremely foul black pus, and because the smell spread, the mummy was buried in the grounds of the Egyptian Museum until the smell disappeared and then exhumed. According to tests, the mummy died at the age of more than 70 years old, the teeth were severely worn, although bald but wearing a wig, was severely damaged by grave robbers, and the right hand was missing.

The mummy is listed in the Egyptian Museum as CG 61055.

The coffin containing the mummy was so huge that it could fit both the coffin and the mummy of Ramses III at once

Amenhotep I

Amenhotep I was the second pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, the younger son of Jahmose I and Jahmose Nefertiri, and probably reigned from 1525 to 1504 BC. His main acts were the repulse of the Libyans and the expedition to Nubia.

Amenhotep I was probably originally buried with his mother in the tomb of de La Abouel-Naga, which according to papyrus is intact. His mummy was transferred to DB320 in the 11th year of the 22nd dynasty of Sheshunk I. The mummy was in good condition and never untangled. The mummy was rewrapped and fitted with a full mask by the priests of the 21st Dynasty; The shroud was also covered with garlands. X-rays published in 1967 showed that the mummy contained a bead band and a small amulet, in addition to a fracture in the lower right arm, which may have been caused when the 21st Dynasty rewrapped the mummy. Although the arms are broken, the mummy's arms are still placed on the chest according to the specifications of the pharaoh. Its existing coffins are actually replacements.

His mummy is listed in the Egyptian Museum as CG 61058.

Ahmose-Meritamun

Statue of Jahmose Meritamon, now in the British Museum
Jachmos-meritamon, the sister and queen of Amenhotep I, died very young, and her mummy was discovered in 1930 by Herbert Eustis Winlock in the tomb TT358 at Deir El Bahari. According to tests conducted at the time, Meritamon suffered from arthritis and scoliosis.

Meritamon's outer coffin is made of cedar wood and is 10 feet long. The eyes and eyebrows are partially inlaid with glass. The body parts are carved into blue herringbone shapes to create the illusion of feathers. In addition, the coffin was covered with gold that had been peeled off in ancient times. The inner coffin, though much smaller, is still six feet long and covered in gold.

According to records, the mummy was rewrapped in the 18th year of the 21st dynasty by Pinujem I, the high priest of Amun, and reburied the following year by Pinujem's son Mashaharta.

Thutmose I
(Note: The mummy is not fully identified as belonging to Thutmose I)

Thutmose I was the third pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, probably not from the Jahmose family, and was designated as the successor of Amenhotep I by his mother Jahmose Nefertiri, who reigned from about 1506 to 1493 BC, after Amenhotep I died chileless. During his reign, he conquered Nubia, north of the Third Fall of the Nile, and expanded Egypt's power into Syria and Palestine in Asia. He may have been the first pharaoh to dig a tomb in the Valley of the Kings.

Thutmose I was buried in Tomb No. 20 (KV20) in the Valley of the Kings, along with his daughter Hatshepsut, before being moved to Tomb No. 38 (KV38) by his grandson Thutmose III. The tomb was later stolen and the coffin was used by King Pinujem I of the 21st Dynasty.

Based on facial features similar to Thutmose II and III, Maspero identified the mummy, which was found in DB320 and later listed as CG 61065 in the Egyptian Museum, as Thutmose I. Based on worn front teeth, Maspero believed that the mummy was about 50 years old when it died, and that although it was small, it could be seen that it had some muscle and strength; Maspero also described the mummy as bald but with regular features and a sly expression on his mouth, with only his hands missing. Maspero also found that the mummy, like Thutmose II and III, had resin balls stuffed into its ears.

Since the coffin and linen do not have any relevant records and markings, the identity of the mummy is actually still in dispute. In 2007, based on scans and other tests, Zahi Hawass concluded that the mummy was not Thutmose I. Tests have found that the mummy died at around 30 years of age, caused by a bow and arrow through the chest, which is not the case of 50 years of old death, which is generally assumed by historians. However, due to facial features similar to those of Thutmose II and III, it is still certain that the owner of the mummy was a member of the 18th dynasty Thutmose family.

According to the test report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the mummy suffered from congenital scoliosis, hunchback, misalignment of the pelvis, possible long-headed syndrome, and incisional hernia.